Courtesy: https://twitter.com/gemsofindology/status/1570061560017723392?s=46&t=A-HEr3y-1YXfGBQNLAUfxQ
The mention of Indus Valley ‘known as Melluha’ in the near eastern area from antiquity, Indus seems to have alliance with Iran for long however, other inscription from Sumer (Iraq) shows their overpowering Indus. This should be taken with pinch of a salt.
5000 years BP, ‘Melukkha’, was roughly Indus, and other regions were Magan ‘Oman’, Dilmun ‘Bahrain, Qatar’ Sumer ‘Iraq’, ‘Marhashi & Elam’ was majorly present Iran.
In this inscriptionof Sargon of Akkad (2334–2279 BCE) referred to ships coming from Meluhha, Magan and Dilmun.
His grandson Naram-Sin (2254–2218 BCE) listing the rebel kings to his rule, mentioned “(..)ibra, man of Melukha”
In another inscription of Gudea of Lagash (c. 21st century BCE) referred to the Meluhhans who came to Sumer to sell gold dust, carnelian, etc
22-21 Century BCE In an Inscription from a tablet from the period of Shulgi, mentions the “Meluhha” village in Sumer.
It seems Indus have established their trading counters in Sumer replacing Dilmun
British Museum, BM 17751
Asian monkey statuette in red limestone found in Susa, dated to 2340–2100 BCE, discovered in the Tel of the Acropolis at Susa. Louvre Museum, Sb5884
In one of the inscription “A red dog from Meluhha”, received by Ibbi-Sin as a tribute of the people of Marhashi”
2270 BCE Inscription on a Tablet from Akkad describes List of the victories of Rimush, king of Akkad, upon Abalgamash, king of Marhashi, and upon Elamite cities. Clay tablet, copy of a monumental inscription, ca. 2270 BC.
https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010166126#
2340 / 2200 BCE An Akkadian Empire cylinder seal with inscription mentions: “Shuilishu, interpreter of the language of Meluhha”. Shuilishu may have been accompanied by an Indus Trader.
2100-1800 BCE
ROYAL INSCRIPTION OF GUDEA OF LAGASH, COMMEMORATING DEFEAT OF MAGAN, MELUKHAM, ELAM, AND AMURRU, AND ESTABLISHMENT OF REGULAR OFFERINGS TO HIS STATUE
Lagash II (ca. 2200-2100 BC) “I will spread in the world respect for my Temple, under my name the whole universe will gather in it, and Magan and Meluhha will come down from their mountains to attend.”
— Inscription of cylinder A, IX:19
https://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki/doku.php?id=cylinders_of_gudea
In cylinder B, XIV, Lagash mentions his procurement of “blocks of lapis lazuli and bright carnelian from Meluhha”.
Meluhha is also mentioned in mythological legends such as Enki and Ninhursag:
“May the foreign land of Meluhha load precious desirable cornelian, perfect mes wood and beautiful aba wood into large ships for you”
— Enki and Ninhursag
c. 2279 BC – 2270 BC
Account of the victories of Rimush, ruler of the Akkadian Empire, over Abalgamash, king of Marhashi. In his inscriptions, Rimush mentioned the army led by Abalgamash included troops from Meluhha.
Louvre Museum AO5476
Impression of a cylinder seal of the Akkadian Empire, with label: “The Divine Sharkalisharri Prince of Akkad, Ibni-Sharrum the Scribe his servant”. The long-horned buffalo is thought to have come from the Indus Valley, and testifies to exchanges with Meluhha,
#Archeology
